Cloud Computing Basics to Advance Level Interview question and answers : Models, Deployment, & Core Concepts | Quiz Challenge | AWS | Azure

Cloud Computing Basics Challenge: Models, Deployment, & Core Concepts

Test your knowledge of the essential concepts, service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), and deployment models of Cloud Computing. **Pass with 80% to proceed to the next difficulty level.**

Core Concepts & Characteristics: 0/10 (0%)

Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS): 0/10 (0%)

Deployment Models & Advanced Terms: 0/10 (0%)

Level 1: Core Concepts & Characteristics

1.1 What fundamental technology allows a single physical server to be partitioned into multiple isolated virtual environments (VMs)?

A. Distributed Computing B. Virtualization C. Containerization

**Correct Answer: B. Virtualization**. This is the key enabler for cloud computing, allowing resources like CPU, memory, and storage to be shared efficiently.

1.2 The ability for cloud resources to be automatically scaled up or down rapidly to meet changing demand is known as:

A. Elasticity B. High Availability C. Agility

**Correct Answer: A. Elasticity**. This characteristic is crucial for handling sudden, unpredictable spikes in traffic without manual intervention.

1.3 What cloud concept refers to the practice of serving multiple customers (tenants) with the same underlying infrastructure and software instance?

A. Resource Pooling B. Utility Computing C. Multi-tenancy

**Correct Answer: C. Multi-tenancy**. This is common in public clouds and SaaS models, where cost savings come from sharing resources securely among many users.

1.4 A major financial benefit of cloud computing where you only pay for the exact resources you use, often measured by the hour or minute, is called:

A. Operational Expense (OpEx) B. Capital Expense (CapEx) C. Pay-as-you-go (Utility Pricing)

**Correct Answer: C. Pay-as-you-go**. This shifts the cost from a large initial capital expenditure (CapEx) to a predictable operating expense (OpEx).

1.5 Which of the following is NOT a fundamental characteristic of cloud computing, as defined by the NIST?

A. Measured Service C. Fixed Infrastructure C. Broad Network Access

**Correct Answer: B. Fixed Infrastructure**. Cloud computing is characterized by **rapid elasticity** and on-demand self-service, which means the infrastructure is designed to be highly flexible, not fixed.

1.6 What term describes a system's ability to remain operational and available, even when some components fail?

A. Scalability B. Portability C. High Availability (HA)

**Correct Answer: C. High Availability (HA)**. HA often involves redundancy, load balancing, and automated failover to minimize downtime.

1.7 In cloud computing, the term Cloud is a metaphor for what central entity?

A. A single, proprietary server C. The Internet/Network (that delivers the services) C. Physical Data Centers

**Correct Answer: B. The Internet/Network**. The cloud represents the abstraction of the complex infrastructure that delivers services over a wide network connection.

1.8 The concept of using shared IT resources from a cloud provider on an "as-needed" basis, much like public utilities, is called:

A. Utility Computing B. Grid Computing C. Edge Computing

**Correct Answer: A. Utility Computing**. This is one of the earliest concepts that paved the way for cloud computing, highlighting the metered and on-demand usage model.

1.9 Which characteristic ensures that all cloud users draw from a shared, common pool of computing resources that are dynamically assigned and reassigned?

A. On-demand Self-Service B. Resource Pooling C. Broad Network Access

**Correct Answer: B. Resource Pooling**. This pooling is what enables providers to achieve efficiency and scale, benefiting all customers.

1.10 What is often cited as the number one concern or challenge for organizations adopting cloud computing?

A. Cost overruns due to complex billing. B. Security and Compliance (Data Governance) C. Vendor lock-in

**Correct Answer: B. Security and Compliance**. While cloud security is robust, the responsibility for securing the data and ensuring compliance often rests with the customer (Shared Responsibility Model).

**End of Core Concepts. Click "Next Level" to continue.**

Level 2: Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)

2.1 Which cloud service model offers the highest level of abstraction and is typically consumed as a finished application over the Internet (e.g., Gmail, Dropbox)?

A. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) B. PaaS (Platform as a Service) C. SaaS (Software as a Service)

**Correct Answer: C. SaaS**. In SaaS, the user only manages configuration; the provider manages everything from the application down to the infrastructure.

2.2 The service model that gives the customer the most control over the infrastructure (OS, middleware, runtime), while the provider manages the networking, storage, and servers, is:

A. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) B. PaaS (Platform as a Service) C. SaaS (Software as a Service)

**Correct Answer: A. IaaS**. Services like AWS EC2, Azure VMs, or Google Compute Engine fall into this category. The user is responsible for patching and maintaining the operating system.

2.3 A developer using a ready-to-use environment with a pre-configured database, operating system, and web server to deploy their custom code is an example of:

A. IaaS B. PaaS C. SaaS

**Correct Answer: B. PaaS**. PaaS (e.g., AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku) removes the need for managing the underlying server, allowing the developer to focus only on the application code.

2.4 Under the Shared Responsibility Model for IaaS, who is primarily responsible for securing the Operating System of a virtual machine?

A. The Cloud Provider (e.g., AWS, Azure) B. The Customer/User C. A third-party security auditor

**Correct Answer: B. The Customer/User**. In IaaS, the provider secures the "cloud" (physical infrastructure), and the customer secures "in" the cloud (OS, applications, and data).

2.5 Which cloud service model is most analogous to renting an empty parking spot and building a custom structure on it?

A. SaaS B. IaaS C. PaaS

**Correct Answer: B. IaaS**. You get the basic infrastructure (the ground/network/power) and are responsible for everything placed on top of it.

2.6 Which new service model is often considered a refinement of PaaS, where the provider manages the server, but the customer only pays for the execution of code triggered by an event?

A. XaaS (Everything as a Service) B. CaaS (Containers as a Service) C. FaaS (Function as a Service / Serverless)

**Correct Answer: C. FaaS (Serverless)**. This model (e.g., AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) abstracts the server completely, making it ideal for microservices and event-driven architectures.

2.7 If an organization moves its on-premise Oracle database to an Amazon RDS instance, this is an example of migrating to which service model?

A. IaaS (Virtual Machine) B. PaaS (Managed Database Service) C. SaaS (Database Application)

**Correct Answer: B. PaaS**. A managed database service (like RDS) is PaaS because the provider handles the OS, patching, backups, and scaling, while the user manages the data and schema.

2.8 For a typical SaaS offering, which component is the customer responsible for managing?

A. Network and Servers B. Operating System and Middleware C. User Access, Data, and Configuration

**Correct Answer: C. User Access, Data, and Configuration**. The core responsibility for a SaaS customer is the security of their data and who has access to the application.

2.9 In comparing PaaS to IaaS, which benefit does PaaS offer that IaaS does not?

A. Lower overall cost. C. Freedom from managing the Operating System and middleware patching. C. Full control over the underlying hardware.

**Correct Answer: B.** PaaS adds the OS, middleware, and runtime environment to the provider's scope of responsibility, allowing developers to focus purely on application development.

2.10 Which of the following is NOT typically considered a component of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

A. Virtual Machines (VMs) B. Application Development Frameworks (e.g., specific PHP/Python runtime) C. Virtual Network (VPC/VNet)

**Correct Answer: B. Application Development Frameworks**. These fall under the PaaS category. IaaS focuses on the raw building blocks: compute, storage, and networking.

**End of Service Models. Click "Next Level" to continue.**

Level 3: Deployment Models & Advanced Terms

3.1 Which deployment model refers to a cloud infrastructure shared among multiple organizations from a specific community (e.g., governments or universities)?

A. Private Cloud B. Hybrid Cloud C. Community Cloud

**Correct Answer: C. Community Cloud**. This model allows organizations with common concerns (security, compliance) to share the cost and infrastructure.

3.2 A company using its own on-premise data center for sensitive customer data while running its high-traffic e-commerce website on a public cloud is utilizing which model?

A. Public Cloud B. Hybrid Cloud C. Private Cloud

**Correct Answer: B. Hybrid Cloud**. A hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, public, or community) that remain unique but are bound together by standardized technology.

3.3 What term describes the use of services from multiple different public cloud providers (e.g., using both AWS and Azure)?

A. Hybrid Cloud C. Multi-Cloud C. Public Cloud

**Correct Answer: B. Multi-Cloud**. While hybrid often implies a mix of public and private, multi-cloud specifically means using services from two or more public cloud vendors to reduce vendor lock-in.

3.4 The process of moving existing applications and data from an on-premise data center to a cloud environment is known as:

A. Containerization B. Cloud Migration C. DevOps

**Correct Answer: B. Cloud Migration**. The strategies for migration include re-hosting (lift-and-shift), re-platforming, and re-architecting.

3.5 What is a Hypervisor in the context of virtualization?

A. A type of cloud storage device. C. A software layer that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs). C. A tool for automating application deployment.

**Correct Answer: B. A software layer**. The hypervisor (or Virtual Machine Monitor) manages the host machine's hardware and allocates resources to the guest operating systems.

3.6 A set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications, often used to connect cloud services, is called a(n):

A. API (Application Programming Interface) B. SLA (Service Level Agreement) C. VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)

**Correct Answer: A. API**. APIs are fundamental to modern cloud architectures, enabling programmatic access and integration between various services and applications.

3.7 Which document formally defines the level of service (uptime, performance, security) guaranteed by a cloud provider to its customers?

A. Terms of Service (ToS) B. Service Level Agreement (SLA) C. Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

**Correct Answer: B. Service Level Agreement (SLA)**. The SLA is a legally binding contract outlining penalties if the provider fails to meet the promised service levels.

3.8 What is the term for the increased cost and technical difficulty associated with switching cloud providers?

A. Cloud Sprawl B. Regulatory Burden C. Vendor Lock-in

**Correct Answer: C. Vendor Lock-in**. This often occurs when a company heavily relies on proprietary cloud services that are not easily transferable to another platform.

3.9 The cloud feature that allows customers to manage their own cloud resources without requiring interaction with the provider’s staff is known as:

A. Measured Service C. On-demand Self-Service C. Broad Network Access

**Correct Answer: B. On-demand Self-Service**. This is achieved through web portals and APIs, allowing users to provision resources instantly without human intervention from the provider.

3.10 What is a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

A. A logically isolated section of a public cloud used to launch resources in a private, defined virtual network. B. A traditional private cloud that is managed by a third party. C. A physical server dedicated to a single customer in a public data center.

**Correct Answer: A. A logically isolated section of a public cloud**. VPCs are fundamental to IaaS, allowing customers to have complete control over their virtual networking environment (IP ranges, subnets, and firewalls) within the public cloud.

**Cloud Basics Mastered! Click "Finish Quiz" to see your final summary.**

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Related Topics & Tags

Cloud Computing IaaS PaaS SaaS AWS Azure GCP Virtualization Hybrid Cloud Serverless

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